Cough: Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
A cough is a natural reflex that helps clear the airways of mucus, irritants, germs, and foreign particles. While occasional coughing is normal, a persistent cough can indicate an underlying health condition that may need attention.
Common Causes of Cough
Cough can be triggered by several factors, including:
- Common cold and flu
- Respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia
- Allergies, dust, smoke, or pollution
- Asthma and chronic lung diseases
- Acid reflux (GERD)
- Post-nasal drip due to sinus problems
Types of Cough
Dry Cough: No mucus production; often caused by allergies, throat irritation, or viral infections.
Wet (Productive) Cough: Produces phlegm or mucus; commonly linked to chest infections.
Chronic Cough: Lasts more than 8 weeks in adults and may be due to asthma, reflux, or long-term respiratory issues.
When to See a Doctor
Medical attention is recommended if a cough:
- Persists for several weeks
- Produces blood or thick green/yellow mucus
- Is accompanied by fever, chest pain, or shortness of breath
- Disrupts sleep or daily activities
Cough Relief and Home Care
- Drink plenty of fluids to loosen mucus
- Use honey or warm herbal teas to soothe the throat
- Inhale steam or use a humidifier
- Avoid smoke and air pollutants
Early diagnosis and proper care can help prevent complications and ensure faster recovery.
